Sustainability of biofloc technology in enhancing the productivity of aquatic organisms in aquaponic systems: a review

Document Type : Review

Authors

School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China

Abstract

Aquaponics, a sustainable farming practice that integrates the cultivation of aquatic organisms with plant farming, aims to minimize waste while maximizing productivity. However, certain conventional aquaponic systems present health risks to aquatic species due to issues such as nutrient imbalances and the reliance on mechanical and biological filtration systems. An emerging alternative to traditional aquaponics is the integration of Biofloc Technology (BFT) with hydroponics. Biofloc-based aquaponics utilizes a microbial co-culture, which promotes efficient nutrient cycling, reduces feed input, and minimizes the need for complex filtration systems. This hybrid approach offers significant technical advantages, including reduced operational costs and increased sustainability compared to conventional intensive aquaculture systems. Despite its promise, the adoption of BFT in aquaponics is still in its nascent stages, hindered by inconsistencies in experimental design and system configuration. This review explores the application of BFT in aquaponics, focusing on the cultivation of both aquatic animal and plant species. We critically analyze the current state of BFT research, identify key challenges, and propose recommendations for future studies aimed at enhancing the economic viability and sustainability of this integrated aquaculture technique.

Keywords

International Aquatic Research
Volume 17, Issue 3
September 2025
Pages 245-262

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