Document Type : Review
Authors
1
Institute of Environmental Science, Engineering and Management, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
2
Department of Natural Science, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
3
EnviSynergy, Makati City 1223, Philippines
4
Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City 90000, Vietnam
5
Department of Animal and Aquactic Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Abstract
Microplastics (diameter < 5 mm) have emerged as a global concern due to their ubiquitous presence and interaction with biota, especially in marine ecosystems. As one of the largest producers and consumers of plastics globally, Southeast Asia faces critical challenges related to MP contamination due to ineffective waste management and high anthropogenic activities in coastal regions. Bivalves have emerged as reliable bioindicators for assessing MP pollution in marine water and sediments due to their filter-feeding behavior and widespread distribution. This review synthesizes current research on MP contamination in Southeast Asian bivalves, focusing on Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Findings indicate significant variability in MP concentrations across regions, influenced by proximity to pollution sources, habitat types, and species-specific traits. Fibers and fragments are the predominant MP types ingested, with polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate identified as the most common polymers. However, methodological inconsistencies, such as variations in digestion protocols, identification techniques, and data reporting units, hinder comparability across studies and underscore the need for standardized approaches. MP contamination in bivalves poses ecological and human health risks, particularly in regions where bivalves are a significant food source. The potential for trophic transfer of MPs and associated toxic chemicals remains a concern, emphasizing the importance of further research on food safety and long-term health impacts. This review highlights the urgent need for improved monitoring, mitigation strategies, and policy interventions to address MP pollution.
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