Document Type : Review
Authors
1
Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
2
Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
3
Bozdoğan Vocational School, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
4
Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology University of Education Lahore, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
5
Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
6
Department of Zoology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab 51040, Pakistan
7
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Aquaculture, a rapidly expanding industry, provides a diverse range of protein sources. However, disease outbreaks can significantly impact production, leading to the use of antibiotics to mitigate financial losses. Nevertheless, the overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture poses significant environmental and public health risks, contributes to antibiotic resistance, and disrupts fish metabolism. The emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms necessitates the development of alternative treatments. This comprehensive review aims to identify and evaluate the efficacy of alternative approaches for combating pathogens in aquaculture, focusing on sustainable and environmentally responsible practices. Promising alternatives include immunotherapeutics, vaccinations, probiotics, prebiotics, herbal plant-based interventions, organic acids, bacteriophages, and quorum quenching. By exploring these innovative approaches, this review endeavors to promote the development of sustainable aquaculture practices that prioritize environmental stewardship, animal health, and human well-being.
Keywords
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