Current knowledge on innate immune gene biomarkers in crustaceans: a mini-review

Document Type : Review

Authors

• Katrin MAe M. Ortega
• Zeba F. Alam
• Ma. Carmen A. Lagman

Biology Department and Center for Natural Sciences and Environmental Research, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines

10.22034/iar.2024.2007411.1604

Abstract

An increasing number of studies have supported the notion that strengthening the immune response can reduce the incidence of disease outbreaks in farming crustaceans. Although immunostimulants have been discovered, the mechanisms underlying the innate immune response in crustaceans remain elusive. This research emphasizes the versatile immune response exhibited by crustaceans against bacteria, viruses, and fungi, characterized by the presence of Toll, immunodeficiency (IMD), Janus kinase-signal transducers (JAK), and activators of transcription (STAT) pathways, as well as specialized immune effectors such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In addition, this review provides an overview of studies exploring the impact of natural product supplementation on immune responses and primer sequences. Notably, this study provides a summary of the effects of natural product supplementation on immune response and gene expression in crustaceans. The results provide new insights into molecular biomarkers that can be applied to enhance the understanding of disease management in crustaceans.

Keywords

• Crustacean
• Gene biomarkers
• IMD Pathway
• Innate immunity
• JAK Pathway
• Toll Pathway

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