Document Type : Review
Authors
1
Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
2
Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
3
Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
4
Department of Zoology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
5
Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
6
Department of Life Sciences, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
7
Department of Zoology, Division Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
8
Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
Abstract
Acknowledging the significance of bringing down the use of fishmeal (FM) in aquaculture, to make sure the environmental and economic sustainability of aquaculture, many alternatives like plant based sources, microbial biomass and animal by-products have been used in aquaculture. There has been an increasing interest in using animal by-product meals in aquafeeds. To examine the effects of many sources of animal protein i.e. meat and bone meal (MBM), feather meal (FeM), blood meal (BM), poultry by-product meal (PBM) and insect meal (IM) as alternatives of FM in diets of various fish species, many studies have been conducted. Different studies showed different results and degrees of success. For comparing the effects of many different animal meals on growth performance of fish, a review analysis has been conducted. Many different studies showed that generally, the growth of fish did not get effected by low or medium dietary inclusion of animal meals. Various species of fish of different sizes and different levels of inclusion were analyzed in different studies. It has been showed that the use of alternatives such as fishery by-products, insects and terrestrial by-products have also some constraints. But there is usually positive impact of using animal based protein sources on many factors such as variable growth rate, ratio of feed conversion, rate of survival and final weight of various fish species. In fact, some animal meals also improved the haematology and immunity of some species. In general, the conclusion is that IM is the most favorable and novel protein source used in aquaculture. PBM and MBM also showed better results in some studies. More research is required to further interpret many other factors that influence the dietary incorporations of animal protein sources in aquaculture feeds and use this information in practical feeds.
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