Encapsulation of Channa striata albumin extract: Optimization by Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology

Document Type : Original research

Authors

• Endah Noviana Eka Lestari ¹
• Anjar Windarsih ²
• Sunardi Sunardi ¹
• Khoirun Nisa ²

¹ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, Indonesia

² Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

10.22034/iar.2023.1992964.1484

Abstract

Channa striata is known to have high albumin content which has beneficial effects for human health. This study aimed to optimize the encapsulation of albumin extracted from C. striata and study the effect of independent factors on the encapsulation efficiency (EE) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Ionic gelation encapsulation was performed employing chitosan–sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP). RSM of Box Behnken Design (BBD) involving three factors, i.e. extract concentration (0.25-1.0 mg/mL), NaTPP concentration (5-15 mg/5 mL), and chitosan concentrations (0.5-1.0 mg/mL) were applied to obtain high EE. The obtained model was quadratic with R2 of 0.9922 and the difference between adjusted R2 and predicted R2 was less than 0.2. The model was significant (P<0.0001) with a non-significant lack of fit (P>0.05), indicating good fitness of the model. All factors had significant interaction except chitosan-NaTPP. The optimum condition- was obtained at 0.25 mg/mL extract, 12.7 mg/5 mL NaTPP, and 0.5 mg/mL chitosan with a maximum EE of 85.50%. Analysis using FTIR exhibited several different functional groups between albumin extract, encapsulated albumin, and blank sample. In addition, SEM demonstrated a solid, rougher, and more compact surface of encapsulated albumin compared to a blank sample, and TEM imaging demonstrated a nano-encapsulated albumin extract. Therefore, the RSM Box-Behnken Design could be used to optimize the encapsulation of C. striata albumin extract that can be used in food and pharmaceutical product applications.

Keywords

• Channa striata
• Albumin extract
• Encapsulation
• Response surface methodology
• Box-Behnken design

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